Article 1 of the Constitution of Japan states that the Emperor is the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people, deriving his position from the will of the people, where sovereign power resides. The Emperor's functions in matters of State are stipulated in Articles 3, 4, 6, and 7 of the Constitution. The current Emperor is His Majesty Emperor Naruhito. The enthronement ceremony took place in 2019. Through it, the current era (Reiwa) began. He succeeded His Majesty Emperor Akihito (Heisei Era).

Japan has a parliamentary system of government. According to Article 65 of the Constitution of Japan, executive power is vested in the Cabinet. Article 66 states that the Cabinet consists of the Prime Minister, who is its head, and other Ministers of State. The current Prime Minister is Ms. Sanae TAKAICHI.

To view the current Cabinet roster, it is suggested to visit: https://japan.kantei.go.jp/104/meibo/daijin/index.html

The Diet is the state body responsible for creating legislation. Its functions and structure are detailed in Chapter IV of the Constitution.

The Diet consists of two chambers: the House of Representatives (lower house) and the House of Councillors (upper house). The former has 465 seats, while the latter has 248.

The Japanese judiciary consists of the Supreme Court, the Courts of Appeal, and the district courts.